Ampelmann
The first traffic lights at pedestrian crossings were erected in the 1950s, and many countries developed different designs. At that time, traffic lights were the same for cars, bicycles and pedestrians. The East Berlin Ampelmännchen was created in 1961 by traffic psychologist Karl Peglau (1927–2009) as part of a proposal for a new traffic lights layout. Peglau criticised the fact that the standard colours of the traffic lights (red, yellow, green) did not provide for road users who were unable to differentiate between colours and that the lights themselves were too small and too weak when competing against luminous advertising and sunlight.
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